xiaoxia-saas/apps/worker/video_processing/thumbnail_generator.py

"""视频缩略图生成工具 — 抽取首帧上传到 OSS。"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def extract_first_frame(
    video_path: str,
    output_path: str | None = None,
    *,
    width: int = 640,
    height: int = -1,
    timeout: int = 30,
    seek_ratio: float = 0.15,
    min_seek_seconds: float = 1.0,
) -> str:
    """抽取视频封面图（默认取视频时长 15% 处的帧，避开片头纯色画面）。

    Args:
        video_path: 视频文件路径
        output_path: 输出图片路径，不传则用临时文件
        width: 输出宽度（默认 640，-1 表示按比例缩放）
        height: 输出高度（默认 -1，按比例缩放）
        timeout: 超时时间（秒）
        seek_ratio: 抽帧位置占视频时长的比例（默认 0.15，即 15% 处）
        min_seek_seconds: 最小抽帧时间（秒），避免极短视频 seek 到 0

    Returns:
        生成的缩略图文件路径

    Raises:
        subprocess.CalledProcessError: ffmpeg 执行失败
    """
    from video_processing.ffmpeg_utils import FFMPEG_BIN, probe_duration, run_ffmpeg

    _is_temp_output = False
    if output_path is None:
        tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".jpg", delete=False)
        tmp.close()
        output_path = tmp.name
        _is_temp_output = True

    try:
        # 计算抽帧时间点：取视频时长 * seek_ratio，最少 min_seek_seconds 秒
        try:
            duration = probe_duration(video_path)
            seek_time = max(min_seek_seconds, duration * seek_ratio)
        except Exception:
            # probe 失败时 fallback 到第1秒
            seek_time = min_seek_seconds

        # 格式化为 HH:MM:SS.xx
        seek_str = _format_seek_time(seek_time)

        # -ss 放在 -i 前面（input seeking，更快但精度稍低，缩略图够用）
        # -vframes 1 只取一帧
        # -q:v 2 jpeg 高质量
        scale_filter = f"scale={width}:{height}:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease"
        cmd = [
            FFMPEG_BIN,
            "-y",
            "-ss",
            seek_str,
            "-i",
            video_path,
            "-vframes",
            "1",
            "-vf",
            scale_filter,
            "-q:v",
            "2",
            output_path,
        ]

        try:
            run_ffmpeg(cmd, capture_output=True, timeout=timeout)
        except Exception:
            # 失败时退回到第0帧兜底
            cmd2 = [
                FFMPEG_BIN,
                "-y",
                "-i",
                video_path,
                "-ss",
                "00:00:00",
                "-vframes",
                "1",
                "-vf",
                scale_filter,
                "-q:v",
                "2",
                output_path,
            ]
            run_ffmpeg(cmd2, capture_output=True, timeout=timeout)

        if not Path(output_path).exists() or Path(output_path).stat().st_size == 0:
            raise RuntimeError(f"Thumbnail generation failed: {output_path}")

        return output_path
    except Exception:
        # 失败时清理自己创建的临时文件
        if _is_temp_output and output_path:
            try:
                Path(output_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
            except Exception:
                pass
        raise


def _format_seek_time(seconds: float) -> str:
    """将秒数格式化为 HH:MM:SS.xx 格式。"""
    h = int(seconds // 3600)
    m = int((seconds % 3600) // 60)
    s = seconds % 60
    return f"{h:02d}:{m:02d}:{s:05.2f}"


def generate_and_upload_thumbnail(
    video_path: str,
    storage_key: str,
) -> str | None:
    """生成缩略图并上传到 OSS，返回 URL。

    Args:
        video_path: 本地视频路径
        storage_key: OSS 存储 key（如 generated/projects/xxx/thumbnails/yyy.jpg）

    Returns:
        上传成功返回 URL，失败返回 None
    """
    thumbnail_path = None
    try:
        thumbnail_path = extract_first_frame(video_path)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Failed to extract thumbnail from %s: %s", video_path, e)
        return None

    try:
        from video_processing.oss_helpers import upload_to_oss

        url = upload_to_oss(thumbnail_path, storage_key)
        return url
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("Failed to upload thumbnail to OSS: %s", e)
        return None
    finally:
        # 清理临时文件
        if thumbnail_path:
            try:
                Path(thumbnail_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
            except Exception:
                pass