Files
xiaoxia-saas/apps/worker/video_processing/pip_engine.py
T
CI Bot 84abfbcfcd feat: 画中画(PiP)能力 - 多图层叠加引擎
新增 PiP 引擎,支持在统一渲染管道中加入多图层画中画叠加:

核心能力:
- 多图层叠加:主画面 + 多个副画面,按 z_index 排序
- 位置:9宫格(top_left/top_center/top_right/center_left/center/center_right/bottom_left/bottom_center/bottom_right)+ 自由坐标(像素或百分比)+ 边距配置
- 大小:宽高缩放(像素或百分比),高度自适应比例
- 圆角裁剪:支持圆角矩形(geq 实现四角圆弧)
- 边框:边框宽度 + 颜色
- 透明度:0-100%(colorchannelmixer)
- 入场出场动画:淡入淡出(fade)、滑入滑出(left/right/top/bottom 四方向)
- 时间同步:每个副画面独立 start_time + duration,enable 表达式控制
- 降级策略:素材不存在/无效时自动跳过,不阻断渲染

系统集成:
- UnifiedRenderService 接入:从 plan.config.pip_config 读取配置
- 在 filter_complex 最终合成环节(字幕之前)叠加 PiP 图层
- 有 PiP 时自动禁用直通模式(需要额外图层叠加)
- 输入索引偏移处理:PiP 素材追加在主输入之后,滤镜引用正确索引

测试覆盖:
- PiPLayerConfig.validate:source/position/opacity/corner_radius/timing/animation 等边界校验
- PiPConfig.from_dict:字典解析、z_index 排序、无效层跳过、默认值
- 位置计算:9宫格全位置 + 自定义像素/百分比 + 边界
- 尺寸解析:像素/百分比/零值/负值
- 滤镜构建:单图层/多图层/透明度/圆角/边框/时间控制/淡入淡出/滑入滑出
- 降级策略:asset_id不存在/本地路径不存在/URL不支持/异常处理

55个新增单测 + 84个现有测试,共139个全绿,零回归
2026-07-14 09:36:03 +08:00

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"""画中画(PiP)引擎 — 基于 FFmpeg overlay 滤镜实现多图层叠加.
支持能力:
- 多图层叠加:主画面 + 多个副画面
- 位置:9宫格 + 自由坐标(像素或百分比)
- 大小:宽高缩放(像素或百分比)
- 圆角裁剪:支持圆角矩形裁剪
- 透明度:0-100%
- 入场出场动画:淡入淡出、滑入滑出
- 时间同步:每个副画面独立开始时间和持续时长
- 降级策略:素材不存在时跳过,不阻断渲染
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# ── 位置常量 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# 9宫格位置枚举
POSITION_TOP_LEFT = "top_left"
POSITION_TOP_CENTER = "top_center"
POSITION_TOP_RIGHT = "top_right"
POSITION_CENTER_LEFT = "center_left"
POSITION_CENTER = "center"
POSITION_CENTER_RIGHT = "center_right"
POSITION_BOTTOM_LEFT = "bottom_left"
POSITION_BOTTOM_CENTER = "bottom_center"
POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT = "bottom_right"
_VALID_POSITIONS = {
POSITION_TOP_LEFT,
POSITION_TOP_CENTER,
POSITION_TOP_RIGHT,
POSITION_CENTER_LEFT,
POSITION_CENTER,
POSITION_CENTER_RIGHT,
POSITION_BOTTOM_LEFT,
POSITION_BOTTOM_CENTER,
POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT,
}
# 动画类型
ANIMATION_FADE = "fade" # 淡入淡出
ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT = "slide_left" # 从左滑入
ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT = "slide_right" # 从右滑入
ANIMATION_SLIDE_TOP = "slide_top" # 从上滑入
ANIMATION_SLIDE_BOTTOM = "slide_bottom" # 从下滑入
_VALID_ANIMATIONS = {
ANIMATION_FADE,
ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT,
ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT,
ANIMATION_SLIDE_TOP,
ANIMATION_SLIDE_BOTTOM,
}
# ── 数据模型 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@dataclass
class PiPLayerConfig:
"""单个画中画图层配置."""
# 素材来源
source: str = "" # 素材ID或视频URL
source_type: str = "asset_id" # "asset_id" | "url" | "local_path"
# 位置配置
position: str = POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT # 9宫格位置或 "custom"
x: int | str = 0 # 自定义x坐标(像素或百分比如 "30%"
y: int | str = 0 # 自定义y坐标
margin: int = 20 # 9宫格模式下的边距(像素)
# 大小配置
width: int | str = "25%" # 宽度(像素或百分比)
height: int | str = "" # 高度(空则按比例自适应)
# 样式
opacity: float = 1.0 # 透明度 0.0-1.0
corner_radius: int = 0 # 圆角半径(像素),0表示无圆角
border_width: int = 0 # 边框宽度
border_color: str = "white" # 边框颜色
# 时间控制
start_time: float = 0.0 # 开始显示时间(秒)
duration: float = 0.0 # 持续时长(秒),0表示全程显示
# 动画
animation_in: str = "" # 入场动画类型
animation_out: str = "" # 出场动画类型
animation_duration: float = 0.5 # 动画时长(秒)
# 层级
z_index: int = 1 # 图层顺序,数字越大越在上层
def validate(self) -> tuple[bool, str]:
"""校验配置合法性,返回 (是否合法, 错误信息)."""
if not self.source:
return False, "source不能为空"
if self.position != "custom" and self.position not in _VALID_POSITIONS:
return False, f"无效的position: {self.position}"
if self.opacity < 0 or self.opacity > 1:
return False, "opacity必须在0-1之间"
if self.corner_radius < 0:
return False, "corner_radius不能为负数"
if self.start_time < 0:
return False, "start_time不能为负数"
if self.duration < 0:
return False, "duration不能为负数"
if self.animation_in and self.animation_in not in _VALID_ANIMATIONS:
return False, f"无效的入场动画: {self.animation_in}"
if self.animation_out and self.animation_out not in _VALID_ANIMATIONS:
return False, f"无效的出场动画: {self.animation_out}"
if self.animation_duration < 0:
return False, "animation_duration不能为负数"
return True, ""
@dataclass
class PiPConfig:
"""画中画整体配置."""
enabled: bool = False
layers: list[PiPLayerConfig] = field(default_factory=list)
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, data: dict[str, Any] | None) -> "PiPConfig":
"""从字典解析配置."""
if not data or not data.get("enabled", False):
return cls(enabled=False)
layers_data = data.get("layers", [])
layers = []
for layer_data in layers_data:
try:
layer = PiPLayerConfig(
source=layer_data.get("source", ""),
source_type=layer_data.get("source_type", "asset_id"),
position=layer_data.get("position", POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT),
x=layer_data.get("x", 0),
y=layer_data.get("y", 0),
margin=int(layer_data.get("margin", 20)),
width=layer_data.get("width", "25%"),
height=layer_data.get("height", ""),
opacity=float(layer_data.get("opacity", 1.0)),
corner_radius=int(layer_data.get("corner_radius", 0)),
border_width=int(layer_data.get("border_width", 0)),
border_color=layer_data.get("border_color", "white"),
start_time=float(layer_data.get("start_time", 0.0)),
duration=float(layer_data.get("duration", 0.0)),
animation_in=layer_data.get("animation_in", ""),
animation_out=layer_data.get("animation_out", ""),
animation_duration=float(layer_data.get("animation_duration", 0.5)),
z_index=int(layer_data.get("z_index", 1)),
)
valid, err = layer.validate()
if valid:
layers.append(layer)
else:
logger.warning("PiP图层配置无效,跳过: %s", err)
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
logger.warning("PiP图层解析失败,跳过: %s", e)
# 按 z_index 排序
layers.sort(key=lambda l: l.z_index)
return cls(enabled=bool(layers), layers=layers)
# ── PiP 引擎 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
class PiPEngine:
"""画中画引擎 — 生成 FFmpeg 滤镜链实现多图层叠加."""
def __init__(
self,
output_width: int,
output_height: int,
output_fps: int = 30,
):
self.output_width = output_width
self.output_height = output_height
self.output_fps = output_fps
def _parse_size(self, value: int | str, base: int) -> int:
"""解析尺寸值(像素或百分比)."""
if isinstance(value, int):
return max(1, value)
if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith("%"):
pct = float(value.rstrip("%")) / 100.0
return max(1, int(base * pct))
try:
return max(1, int(value))
except (ValueError, TypeError):
return int(base * 0.25) # 默认25%
def _parse_position(
self,
layer: PiPLayerConfig,
pip_width: int,
pip_height: int,
) -> tuple[int, int]:
"""计算画中画的实际位置 (x, y)."""
W = self.output_width
H = self.output_height
m = layer.margin
if layer.position == "custom":
x = self._parse_size(layer.x, W)
y = self._parse_size(layer.y, H)
return (x, y)
pos_map = {
POSITION_TOP_LEFT: (m, m),
POSITION_TOP_CENTER: ((W - pip_width) // 2, m),
POSITION_TOP_RIGHT: (W - pip_width - m, m),
POSITION_CENTER_LEFT: (m, (H - pip_height) // 2),
POSITION_CENTER: ((W - pip_width) // 2, (H - pip_height) // 2),
POSITION_CENTER_RIGHT: (W - pip_width - m, (H - pip_height) // 2),
POSITION_BOTTOM_LEFT: (m, H - pip_height - m),
POSITION_BOTTOM_CENTER: ((W - pip_width) // 2, H - pip_height - m),
POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT: (W - pip_width - m, H - pip_height - m),
}
return pos_map.get(layer.position, pos_map[POSITION_BOTTOM_RIGHT])
def _build_pip_pre_filter(
self,
input_label: str,
layer: PiPLayerConfig,
pip_width: int,
pip_height: int,
output_label: str,
) -> str:
"""构建单个PiP图层的预处理滤镜链.
处理顺序:scale → 圆角裁剪(可选)→ 边框(可选)→ 透明度 → 动画(可选)
"""
filters: list[str] = []
# Step 1: scale
filters.append(f"scale={pip_width}:{pip_height}")
filters.append("setsar=1")
# Step 2: 圆角裁剪
if layer.corner_radius > 0:
r = min(layer.corner_radius, pip_width // 2, pip_height // 2)
# 使用 geq + 圆形遮罩实现圆角
# 更简单的方式:用 rounded 滤镜(FFmpeg 5.0+)或 format + alpha
# 这里用更通用的方式:创建圆角遮罩 + overlay 到透明背景
filters.append(
f"format=yuva420p,"
f"geq="
f"lum='lum(X,Y)':"
f"cb='cb(X,Y)':"
f"cr='cr(X,Y)':"
f"a='if(lt(X,{r})*lt(Y,{r}),"
f"gt(hypot({r}-X,{r}-Y),{r})*0+1,"
f"if(gt(X,W-{r})*lt(Y,{r}),"
f"gt(hypot(X-(W-{r}),{r}-Y),{r})*0+1,"
f"if(lt(X,{r})*gt(Y,H-{r}),"
f"gt(hypot({r}-X,Y-(H-{r})),{r})*0+1,"
f"if(gt(X,W-{r})*gt(Y,H-{r}),"
f"gt(hypot(X-(W-{r}),Y-(H-{r})),{r})*0+1,1))))'"
)
# Step 3: 边框
if layer.border_width > 0:
bw = layer.border_width
color = layer.border_color
filters.append(f"pad={pip_width + 2*bw}:{pip_height + 2*bw}:{bw}:{bw}:{color}")
# Step 4: 透明度
if layer.opacity < 1.0:
alpha = layer.opacity
filters.append(f"format=yuva420p,colorchannelmixer=aa={alpha}")
# Step 5: 入场出场动画
if layer.animation_in or layer.animation_out:
filters.extend(self._build_animation_filters(layer, pip_width, pip_height))
filter_str = f"[{input_label}]{','.join(filters)}[{output_label}]"
return filter_str
def _build_animation_filters(
self,
layer: PiPLayerConfig,
pip_width: int,
pip_height: int,
) -> list[str]:
"""构建入场出场动画滤镜."""
filters: list[str] = []
anim_dur = layer.animation_duration
if layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_FADE:
# 淡入
filters.append(f"fade=t=in:st=0:d={anim_dur}:alpha=1")
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT:
# 从左滑入 — 用 overlay 动态x实现,这里先标记位置表达式
pass # slide 动画在 overlay 表达式中处理
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT:
pass
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_TOP:
pass
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_BOTTOM:
pass
if layer.animation_out == ANIMATION_FADE:
# 淡出需要知道总时长,这里用表达式
if layer.duration > 0:
start_fade = layer.duration - anim_dur
filters.append(f"fade=t=out:st={max(0, start_fade)}:d={anim_dur}:alpha=1")
return filters
def _build_overlay_expr(
self,
layer: PiPLayerConfig,
base_x: int,
base_y: int,
pip_width: int,
pip_height: int,
) -> tuple[str, str]:
"""构建 overlay 滤镜的 x/y 表达式(支持滑动动画).
Returns:
(x_expr, y_expr) — FFmpeg表达式字符串
"""
W = self.output_width
H = self.output_height
anim_dur = layer.animation_duration
x_expr = str(base_x)
y_expr = str(base_y)
# 入场滑入动画
if layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT:
# 从左侧滑入:x 从 -pip_width 变化到 base_x
x_expr = f"'{base_x}+(X)*0+if(lt(t,{anim_dur}),{-pip_width}+t/{anim_dur}*({base_x}+{pip_width}),{base_x})'"
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT:
# 从右侧滑入:x 从 W 变化到 base_x
x_expr = f"'{base_x}+if(lt(t,{anim_dur}),{W}-t/{anim_dur}*({W}-{base_x}),{base_x})'"
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_TOP:
y_expr = f"'{base_y}+if(lt(t,{anim_dur}),{-pip_height}+t/{anim_dur}*({base_y}+{pip_height}),{base_y})'"
elif layer.animation_in == ANIMATION_SLIDE_BOTTOM:
y_expr = f"'{base_y}+if(lt(t,{anim_dur}),{H}-t/{anim_dur}*({H}-{base_y}),{base_y})'"
# 出场滑出动画(需要总时长)
if layer.duration > 0 and anim_dur > 0:
out_start = layer.duration - anim_dur
if layer.animation_out == ANIMATION_SLIDE_LEFT:
x_expr = f"'{base_x}+if(gt(t,{out_start}),{base_x}-(t-{out_start})/{anim_dur}*({base_x}+{pip_width}),{base_x})'"
elif layer.animation_out == ANIMATION_SLIDE_RIGHT:
x_expr = f"'{base_x}+if(gt(t,{out_start}),{base_x}+(t-{out_start})/{anim_dur}*({W}-{base_x}+{pip_width}),{base_x})'"
elif layer.animation_out == ANIMATION_SLIDE_TOP:
y_expr = f"'{base_y}+if(gt(t,{out_start}),{base_y}-(t-{out_start})/{anim_dur}*({base_y}+{pip_height}),{base_y})'"
elif layer.animation_out == ANIMATION_SLIDE_BOTTOM:
y_expr = f"'{base_y}+if(gt(t,{out_start}),{base_y}+(t-{out_start})/{anim_dur}*({H}-{base_y}+{pip_height}),{base_y})'"
return (x_expr, y_expr)
def build_pip_filters(
self,
base_label: str,
pip_sources: list[tuple[str, PiPLayerConfig, Path]],
*,
base_input_idx: int = 0,
) -> tuple[str, list[str], str]:
"""构建完整的画中画滤镜链和输入参数.
Args:
base_label: 底层视频的滤镜标签(如 "final_video" 或 "v0",不带方括号)
pip_sources: [(input_label, layer_config, source_path), ...]
base_input_idx: PiP 素材在整个 FFmpeg 输入中的起始索引
Returns:
(filter_parts, input_args, final_label)
- filter_parts: 滤镜字符串列表(用 ; 连接后成为 filter_complex
- input_args: 额外的输入参数列表 ["-i", path, "-i", path, ...]
- final_label: 最终合成后的输出标签(不带方括号)
"""
if not pip_sources:
return [], [], base_label
filter_parts: list[str] = []
input_args: list[str] = []
current_label = base_label
for i, (input_label, layer, path) in enumerate(pip_sources):
# 添加输入
input_args.extend(["-i", str(path)])
# 计算实际大小
pip_w = self._parse_size(layer.width, self.output_width)
if layer.height:
pip_h = self._parse_size(layer.height, self.output_height)
else:
# 按宽度等比例(假设16:9,实际会scale时保持比例)
pip_h = int(pip_w * 9 / 16)
# 实际输入索引 = 起始索引 + 当前偏移
actual_input_idx = base_input_idx + i
# 预处理标签
pre_label = f"pip_pre_{i}"
# 构建预处理滤镜
pre_filter = self._build_pip_pre_filter(
input_label=f"{actual_input_idx}:v",
layer=layer,
pip_width=pip_w,
pip_height=pip_h,
output_label=pre_label,
)
filter_parts.append(pre_filter)
# 计算位置
base_x, base_y = self._parse_position(layer, pip_w, pip_h)
# 构建overlay表达式(支持滑动动画)
x_expr, y_expr = self._build_overlay_expr(layer, base_x, base_y, pip_w, pip_h)
# 时间控制(enable表达式)
enable_expr = ""
if layer.start_time > 0 or layer.duration > 0:
start = layer.start_time
if layer.duration > 0:
end = start + layer.duration
enable_expr = f":enable='between(t,{start},{end})'"
else:
enable_expr = f":enable='gte(t,{start})'"
# 合成标签
combined_label = f"pip_combined_{i}"
# overlay 滤镜
overlay_filter = (
f"[{current_label}][{pre_label}]"
f"overlay={x_expr}:{y_expr}{enable_expr}"
f"[{combined_label}]"
)
filter_parts.append(overlay_filter)
current_label = combined_label
return filter_parts, input_args, current_label
def validate_layer_source(
self,
layer: PiPLayerConfig,
asset_path_map: dict[str, Path],
) -> Path | None:
"""验证图层素材是否可用,返回本地路径或None(降级跳过)."""
try:
if layer.source_type == "local_path":
path = Path(layer.source)
if path.exists():
return path
elif layer.source_type == "asset_id":
if layer.source in asset_path_map:
return asset_path_map[layer.source]
elif layer.source_type == "url":
# URL类型由调用者负责下载,这里返回标记
return None # 暂时不支持直接URL
except Exception as e:
logger.warning("PiP素材验证失败: %s", e)
return None