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xiaoxia-saas/scripts/check_migration_safety.py
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ci: 添加迁移安全检查脚本
- 从develop分支同步check_migration_safety.py
- 用于检测迁移脚本中的危险操作(DROP TABLE/COLUMN等)
2026-07-13 14:56:06 +08:00

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
数据库迁移破坏性变更安全检查
只检查 Alembic 迁移文件的 upgrade 函数中是否包含破坏性操作:
- DROP TABLE
- ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN
- 列类型变更(可能导致数据丢失)
- NOT NULL 约束新增(无默认值时)
- RENAME TABLE / RENAME COLUMN
忽略 downgrade 函数中的操作(那是回滚逻辑,正常的)。
使用方式:
# 检查所有迁移(不推荐,会扫历史已执行的迁移)
python3 scripts/check_migration_safety.py
# 只检查与目标分支相比新增的迁移(推荐用于CI)
python3 scripts/check_migration_safety.py --diff-against origin/main
# 只检查指定版本之后的迁移
python3 scripts/check_migration_safety.py --since 030_xxx
退出码:
0 - 安全 / 只有非破坏性变更
1 - 检测到高风险破坏性变更
2 - 检测到中风险变更,需人工确认
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import List, Tuple
REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
ALEMBIC_VERSIONS_DIR = REPO_ROOT / "alembic" / "versions"
# 高风险模式:直接导致数据丢失(只在 upgrade 中检查)
HIGH_RISK_PATTERNS = [
(r"\bop\.drop_table\(", "op.drop_table() - 删除表,数据永久丢失"),
(r"\bop\.drop_column\(", "op.drop_column() - 删除列,数据永久丢失"),
]
# 中风险模式:可能导致数据丢失或兼容性问题
MEDIUM_RISK_PATTERNS = [
(r"op\.alter_column\([^)]*nullable\s*=\s*False", "新增 NOT NULL 约束 - 旧数据可能为空导致迁移失败"),
(r"op\.alter_column\([^)]*type_\s*=", "列类型变更 - 可能导致数据截断或转换失败"),
(r"\bop\.rename_table\(", "op.rename_table() - 重命名表,可能导致依赖该表的代码报错"),
(r"\bop\.rename_column\(", "op.rename_column() - 重命名列,可能导致依赖该列的代码报错"),
(r"\bop\.drop_index\(", "op.drop_index() - 删除索引,可能影响查询性能"),
(r"\bop\.drop_constraint\(", "op.drop_constraint() - 删除约束,可能影响数据完整性"),
]
# 安全模式:这些是安全的新增操作
SAFE_PATTERNS = [
(r"\bop\.create_table\(", "新建表"),
(r"\bop\.add_column\(", "新增列"),
(r"\bop\.create_index\(", "新建索引"),
(r"\bop\.create_unique_constraint\(", "新建唯一约束"),
(r"\bop\.create_foreign_key\(", "新建外键约束"),
]
def extract_upgrade_content(content: str) -> str:
"""
从迁移文件中提取 upgrade 函数的内容。
只检查 upgrade 中的操作,忽略 downgrade。
"""
upgrade_match = re.search(r"def upgrade\b[^:]*:", content)
if not upgrade_match:
return ""
upgrade_start = upgrade_match.end()
# 找到下一个顶层 def(通常是 def downgrade)作为结束位置
rest = content[upgrade_start:]
downgrade_match = re.search(r"\n\ndef\s+\w+\b", rest)
if downgrade_match:
upgrade_end = upgrade_start + downgrade_match.start()
else:
upgrade_end = len(content)
return content[upgrade_start:upgrade_end]
def get_new_migrations_via_diff(diff_target: str) -> List[Path]:
"""
通过 git diff 对比目标分支/commit,找出 alembic/versions/ 下新增的迁移文件。
只包含新增文件(A状态),不包含修改或删除的文件。
"""
try:
result = subprocess.run(
["git", "diff", "--name-only", "--diff-filter=A", diff_target, "HEAD", "--", "alembic/versions/"],
cwd=str(REPO_ROOT),
capture_output=True,
text=True,
check=True,
)
files = [line.strip() for line in result.stdout.strip().split("\n") if line.strip()]
return [REPO_ROOT / f for f in files]
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(f"⚠️ git diff 失败({diff_target}):{e.stderr.strip()}")
print(f" 降级为检查所有迁移文件")
return sorted(ALEMBIC_VERSIONS_DIR.glob("*.py"))
def find_new_migrations(since_revision: str | None = None, diff_against: str | None = None) -> List[Path]:
"""
找出需要检查的迁移文件。
优先级:diff_against > since_revision > 全部
"""
if diff_against:
return get_new_migrations_via_diff(diff_against)
all_migrations = sorted(ALEMBIC_VERSIONS_DIR.glob("*.py"))
if not since_revision:
return all_migrations
result = []
found = False
for m in all_migrations:
if since_revision in m.name or since_revision in m.stem:
found = True
continue
if found:
result.append(m)
return result if found else all_migrations
def analyze_migration(file_path: Path) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str], List[str]]:
"""分析单个迁移文件 upgrade 部分的风险等级"""
content = file_path.read_text()
upgrade_content = extract_upgrade_content(content)
if not upgrade_content:
return [], [], [f"{file_path.name}: 未找到 upgrade 函数"]
high_risks = []
medium_risks = []
safes = []
for pattern, desc in HIGH_RISK_PATTERNS:
if re.search(pattern, upgrade_content):
high_risks.append(f"{file_path.name}: {desc}")
for pattern, desc in MEDIUM_RISK_PATTERNS:
if re.search(pattern, upgrade_content):
medium_risks.append(f"{file_path.name}: {desc}")
for pattern, desc in SAFE_PATTERNS:
if re.search(pattern, upgrade_content):
safes.append(f"{file_path.name}: {desc}")
return high_risks, medium_risks, safes
def main() -> int:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument(
"--since",
default=os.getenv("MIGRATION_SINCE_REVISION"),
help="只检查指定版本之后的迁移(如:030_xxx),不传则检查所有迁移",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--diff-against",
default=os.getenv("MIGRATION_DIFF_AGAINST"),
help="对比指定分支/commit,只检查新增的迁移文件(推荐用于CI,如 origin/main",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--warn-only",
action="store_true",
help="只警告不失败(用于非强制门禁场景)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--allow-medium-risk",
action="store_true",
help="允许中风险变更(只拦截高风险)",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
migrations = find_new_migrations(args.since, args.diff_against)
if not migrations:
print("✅ 未找到需要检查的新增迁移文件,跳过")
return 0
print(f"🔍 正在检查 {len(migrations)} 个迁移文件的 upgrade 操作...")
if args.diff_against:
print(f" (对比基准:{args.diff_against},仅检查新增迁移)")
print()
all_high = []
all_medium = []
all_safe = []
for m in migrations:
high, medium, safe = analyze_migration(m)
all_high.extend(high)
all_medium.extend(medium)
all_safe.extend(safe)
if all_safe:
print("✅ 安全变更:")
for s in all_safe:
print(f" - {s}")
print()
if all_medium:
print("⚠️ 中风险变更(需人工确认):")
for m_item in all_medium:
print(f" - {m_item}")
print()
if all_high:
print("❌ 高风险破坏性变更(禁止自动部署):")
for h in all_high:
print(f" - {h}")
print()
print("=" * 60)
print(f"检查结果:{len(all_safe)} 项安全 / {len(all_medium)} 项中风险 / {len(all_high)} 项高风险")
print()
if all_high:
print("❌ 检测到高风险破坏性变更,CI 检查失败!")
print(" 如果确认这是预期操作,请在 MR/PR 中说明原因并获得审批。")
if args.warn_only:
return 0
return 1
if all_medium and not args.allow_medium_risk:
print("⚠️ 检测到中风险变更,请人工确认后再部署。")
if args.warn_only:
return 0
print("(如需仅拦截高风险,可使用 --allow-medium-risk 参数)")
return 2
print("✅ 未检测到破坏性变更")
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())